I seem to remember a game of dodgeball where you would line up against a schoolyard wall, and some psychopathic child would try and smack you with a hard rubber ball.  There would be screams and laughter  and bruises, and if you wore hideous cats eye glasses like I did, invariably you would get smacked in the face and your glasses would get broken.

Writing my newest script reminds me of  that game. Trying to get out of the way of the ball, running into walls and people, and chaos and pushing and yelling.  All this because an unwelcome character showed up in the script this past month. I knew I was writing towards him, but he isn’t what I expected, and there he is.  I’m going to refocus on another script while I think about this dodgeball character.

What has really helped cope with this change in direction is sharing the script/writings with another playwright I really respect.  The comments and feedback have been a kind of tough love/insight I couldn’t give myself.  (Thank you MD~!)

From the ICWP (International Centre for Women Playwrights) Nina Gooch posted an article that really lifted my spirits. Ursula Le Guin is working with the Portland Playhouse & Hand2Mouth Theater on a new stage version of her  The Left Hand of Darkness. What she she wrote about the rehearsal process brought me back to that circle of magic that I was once a part of.

“Sitting in on a rehearsal is a strange experience for the author of the book the play is based on. Words you heard in your mind’s ear forty years ago in a small attic room in the silence of the night are suddenly said aloud by living voices in a bright-lit, chaotic studio. People you thought you’d made up, invented, imagined are there, not imaginary at all — solid, living, breathing. And they speak to each other. Not to you. Not any more.”

Ursula Le Guin – In rehearsal in Portland

I’ve always preferred the spelling of theatre to theater.  I don’t really remember why, I think it’s because I saw English theatre spelled that way, and that meant it was more genuine than the American spelling.

I came across a fascinating article about the history of these two spellings and wanted to share it with you.

“Consider the Astor Place Riot of 1849. This was the deadliest public disturbance in the United States up to that time. The riot pitted immigrants and other working-class people against powerful upper-class New Yorkers who deployed the city’s police and state militia to enforce order. It was the first time government authorities had ever fired live ammunition into a crowd of citizens in this country. As a direct consequence of this incident, the New York City police force, only four years old at the time and armed with wooden clubs, would become the first police force in the nation to be armed with deadly weapons.

The riot grew from a rivalry between actor Edwin Forrest, the first true star of the stage to be born in this country, and Macready (Cushman’s English mentor). The press enjoyed comparing the two, and Forrest encouraged this by touring to cities where Macready was appearing in order to perform in the same Shakespearean roles.

Fans of Macready and Forrest were largely divided along class lines, with the wealthy preferring the refined and aristocratic English actor and working people enthusiastic for the powerful and emotionally explosive American. Macready openly looked down on Americans, viewing them as vulgar, uncultured, and ignorant. Forrest was frustrated by English domination of the American theater…..

The Astor Place Riot is a watershed moment in the history of American culture. The emotion that escalated into that conflict is still discernable in strong opinions about the spelling of the word “theater.” This was an event that furthered a process of class alienation and segregation. Symptomatic of this was a division of American entertainment into categories of “respectable” and “disreputable” that is parallel to attitudes toward the use of “theatre” and “theater” still today.

The militant preference for the British spelling among some theater practitioners in this country actually originates with this elitist impulse. “Disreputable” was code for immigrant or working class. Professional actors gravitated to “respectable,” “legitimate” “theatres.” This is the same impulse that made the impresarios of vaudeville feel justified in imposing racial segregation at their theaters. This is the same elitist impulse that inspired the community leaders of past eras to establish clubs that were “exclusive.”

While the design and very location of the Astor Place Opera House were intentionally chosen to draw a strict dividing line between social classes, now the owners of theaters and other public accommodations found new ways to make specific classes of people understand that they were not welcome. The decision to use the un-phonetic British spelling of “theater” is a subtle example, intended to send a message that connotes cultural superiority, refinement, and exclusivity.”

You can read the entire article here:

You Write “Theatre,” I Write “Theater” by Anthony Chase in ARTVOICE

When I was in high school, a nuclear slur was calling a girl a “feminist”.  That meant you were probably butch, mean, unattractive, frigid, angry, and humorless.

I was called a feminist on many occaisions – and called myself a feminist. I still consider myself a feminist, (I dont’ get asked if I’m a feminist anymore) but it seems to have become a historical hanger rather than a contemporary identity.

I worked with some wonderful women directors and artistic directors when I was an actor, and felt a kind of kindred spirit with them during those times. 

This article in the New York Times brought back some of the feelings from that long time ago era – when being a feminist was a stigma. 

New York Times article on: Theater Female Directors in New York

I’ve kept this article in my “saved” emails for a few months. I’ve read it several times. And it’s a bracing tonic when the fires of discontent start in.

I’m recovering from a recent bout with pnuemonia, and that changed my idea of “success” for a few days.  A successful day was when I could make it down the hall to fix a cup of tea and go back to bed.  A successful night was when I could stop coughing for a few hours to get some sleep. And the most successful was when the cat stopped trying to smother my face with a pillow to stop my coughing sounds.

Lindsay Price article on success

I’ve spent the last few Friday nights writing until after midnight – tying to cram in one night all the pent up writing from the week.  There are times when I think I’m going to burst in the car driving home from work (“I hope I can remember that idea/feeling/concept sentence”) so I can smash into the few hours left in the week.  I feel like a pile of fuzzy ducks flopping around together.

This makes for tangled, incoherent, nervous writing.  But at least it makes for re-writing.

I always find it interesting that when you have an image in  your mind that belongs somewhere in you writing, somehow that image seems to pop up everywhere. (An hourglass?  A skull with painted teeth?  A bad looking carnival?) They all seem to find their way to me in the hours before I write, beeping at me as I try to remember – where did I see that?

Now for the rest of my re-writing weekend!

I saved this to share with you:

By MARK HELPRIN in THE NEW YORK TIME

Published: October 3, 2012

I had a regular habit of telling lies as a child.

And so I spent a part of my childhood confessing to the lies I told.

It was a strange world to inhabit – telling lies and not realizing that all of them were lies.  I saw some of them as negotiations so I wouldn’t get in trouble.  Some of  them were fantasies I wanted to believe in – and some of them were – embroideries.  Just little – twists – on what might have been true.  Some of them were whoppers I wanted to get some kind of seismic reaction.

When I performed as an actor onstage – I never considered the scripts as lies, but as the truth being revealed to those listening.  (Audience memeber: “How could you remember all those lines?” Me:  “Simple – they were all lies.”) (Okay, that’s a lie I never said that but I could have.)

Now I’m writing a script where there are lies – or half-lies – half truths in abundance.  It’s interesting to re-visit that land again where the lies are hard to define.

Here’s a Ted Talk where Pamela Meyer talks about “Spotting a Lie”.  I’m not sure I agree with all of her evidence – but I found it fascinating:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_6vDLq64gE&feature=relmfu

I love to hear people laugh.  Sometimes at the expense of other experiences.  But I’m looking at the ways I ask the audience to witness conflict.  Laughter is a such a great release/exclamation of surprise/recognition of a conflict.  It can also blow out the rising tension to a simmer.  

Charles Kaufman (American screenwriter, producer, and director: Being John Malkovich, Human Nature, Adaptation., Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind and Synecdoche, New York. ) gave a wonderful speech to BAFTA a while ago, and it’s quite wordy, but I wanted to share it:

http://smartwool.tumblr.com/post/19636374757/charlie-kaufmans-speech-at-bafta

This is the bit that really resonated with me from that speech:

“This is a little thing that I wrote, that’s just a personal thing for me, and it’s very… I don’t know, but you’ll see. But I hate this, so I’m just going to share with you that I hate it. ‘Do not write jokes to your readers in your stage directions.’ You know what I mean by that? People do that. Don’t do that. Your job is to create an atmosphere. You’re trying to establish a mood. You’re writing a story and what you’re trying to do is to help this large group of people who are going to come together to understand the tone and the spirit and the feeling of this movie so that they can come together and make it. That’s what you should spend your time on, not with winks and stuff. Not winking at people.”

I’m reminded of this when I recently saw “To Have and Have Not” and watched Lauren Bacall and Humphrey Bogart. I love  their incredible chemisty – the kind of winking and nodding that they had with one another, a real shorthand of reaching out in their characters (and in real life).  The audience gets to enjoy their connection with one another because its with one another – not with the audience.

I was in a Commedia d’elle Arte show many years ago and the character Arlecchino would go out in the audence to do his lazzi (improve/tricks) and he would engage in the most overdone winking/poking/nodding gambits to get the audience to play with him.  It was awful.  You could see the audience cringing to get away from his aggressive asides.

And then, there was a day when I was in a business meeting, and a very attractive woman who was leading the agenda said something that just didn’t sound – true.  And she turned to me, looked at my bug eyed reaction and with a pointed slyness, gave me a sultry wink.  It thrilled me to have a secret between us.  I nodded my head as if I was listening to her but I felt like I had been given a slight electrical shock.  Later on, I found out that she winked at a lot of people in meetings.  But I’ve never forgotten that moment.

This past week I was offered the opportunity to read a friend’s screenplay – and it’s good. Very good. The setting is good, the characters are interesting and fraught, and there’s a great theme in back of the action.  But I loved the dialogue.  The smartness that comes from the voices of what these people have to say, and how much they leave out of their conversations. 

I also read a wonderful short novel, “An Uncommon Reader’, by Alan Bennett.  I had never heard of this book (although I loved Alan Bennett’s work as a playwright and screenwriter).  He has crafted a wonderful story with very little dialogue.

There’s a great review of the book in the New York Times: 

http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/30/books/30kaku.html?_r=1

“Queen Elizabeth is known for loving her horses and her corgis. She has sat, reportedly, for more than 120 portraits, conferred some 400,000 honors and awards, met with a long parade of prime ministers and attended countless garden parties and receptions. She has frequently been described as an exemplary monarch, dedicated and dutiful and decent. And just as frequently described as a forbidding mother, chilly and withholding and given to playing ostrich whenever it comes to emotions.”

The conversations from Queen Elizabeth are terse and wonderfully correct.  It was a great read – and reminded me of the pleasures of reading Robertson Davies, another author who writes wonderful conversations in his novels.

It’s been a great week to discover two examples of dialogue. And it’s only Wednesday. 

Having struggled with various forms of “writers block” this past year – I feel as though I’ve been in a medievel village visting each possible healer: the herbalist to the priest to the witch to the tarot card reader to try and break the spell.  I did in fact find a way to get writing again – very reluctantly – I had to share my writings with a group again.  Being accountable to a group reading of my script made me “show up”.   

I recently found this list from the Dramatist Guild and I have to say I laughed when I realized I had tried almost everyone of these 101 Tips. Some of my trials with changing my writing space, drinking a cocktail, playing Angry Birds (okay that isn’t in the list but it was something I tried to get my brain to “play”), none of these seemed to have any beneficial results for me.  But I did find the list a great compilation of all the ways we try and get our spirit to show up on the page:

by GetFreeEbooks.com

1. Read and write often.
2. Make PROCRASTINATION your biggest enemy.
3. Your draft, visual sketches, videos, initial framework are your best friends. Always refer to them again if you’re stuck.
4. Draw! yes, draw. By drawing, you’re expressing yourself in a different way / through a different channel (not in words). This might help to picture out what you couldn’t put in words in the first place. In fact drawing is very similar to writing as it exercises the right creative side of your brain.
5. Simplicity – For some, style of writing, strong words, flowery phrases, etc. are their main priorities. Don’t worry too much on those matters, go simple and focus on wording out the flow of your ideas, then focus on the beautification process.
6. Find your golden hour, what time are you at your optimum efficiency level. Are you a morning person? A night owl?
7. Change your surroundings. Focus on getting to a location which is comfortable for you. If you prefer a busy place with crowd and a lot of noises, find one. If you prefer a quite place, find a library, etc.
8. Get your blood moving – exercise, move around, swim. Go for a short road trip.
9. Try aromatherapy.
10. Play some games. It doesn’t matter whether it’s from your Iphone, or from your computer. Good games with some engaging story lines can trigger new ideas and strategies on how to write.
11. Get involved with anagrams.
12. Creative writing games.
13. Play Pictionary– By observing on how different players draw out their words / phrases, you can try to practice new ways of outlining your storyline. Or just have fun while you’re taking your short breaks.
14. Play typing games– Those random generated sentences that you have to type as fast as you can, may represent great source of ideas.
15. Play around with your emotions (at least not intentionally) and take advantage of it . Certain emotions might prepare yourself to write differently and provide you with the variety you need.
16. Be an adrenaline junkie, jump on the roller coaster, go for bungee jumping, etc. Try experiencing something you’ve never done before. For some, this triggers a new set of feelings which you can apply it on your writing.
17. Get rid of any negative emotions. When you’re bothered, your mind is confused. Fix your problems, run your errands, solve everything that you can think of, and let your mind to focus on one and only one thing – your writing.
18. Brainwash yourself to erase terms such as writer’s block from your mind. For all you know it’s just laziness. (Refer to point no 2).
19. Eat healthy food, and eat well. Your mind does not function well on an empty stomach.
20. Being equipped with information is the key to a smooth free flow of ideas. Keep a writers journal, keep receipts, items, pictures, souvenirs, presents or any items that can aid you in your writing.
21. Go to places which you think will give you ideas (closely related to the story you’re writing). Don’t forget to bring a paper and a pen, or anything that you write them on (iPhone, digital notebook, iPad, etc.). The last thing you want happening to you is knocking yourself on the head for not being able to remember.
22. When you’re not progressing in your writing, write / note down everything you can think of, even if it’s bad. Lower your standards and keep writing. You can refer to them later and might conveniently construct a new idea. In other words, don’t be a perfectionist at this point of time, just write what you can think of, as you can always edit it later. Even if it’s not related to what you’re currently writing, write it down. It might come in handy in your next projects. Abandon nothing when it comes to writing ideas.
23. Research, research, research. Do your homework.
24. Instead of following the normal flow of things – research and then write, rehearse what you’re about to write before going out on the field to cover your story.
25. Unplug the internet, don’t check your emails, don’t log in to your IM. Basically, wipe out all the common distractions.
26. Or if you happen to work very well with distractions, listen to some music, podcasts, audiobooks, etc. while or when you’re not writing. Alternatively, visit crowded places. Humans are complex beings, some need minor and indirect distractions to be able to function.
27. Tackle / overcome the most difficult part when you’re fresh (early in the morning, after your run, etc). In the evening if you’re a writing over the graveyard shift.
28. Coffee, tea or any energy drink – caffeine is a great boost and will stir your mind. Focus and alertness is your priority.
29. Get sufficient amount of sleep. There’s no point slogging yourself throughout the night, cracking your brain, when nothing is coming out.
30. Your brain needs some rest as well. Exhaustion is not an option – take a break. Perhaps a short nap could help a great deal in thinking department. For those who are gifted enough to remember their own dreams, this is another platform where you can extract ideas from. Our brain is by far the best story generator and movie director one can ever find.
31. Alcohol, not in excessive amount though.
32. Talk to your writer friends / close friends, get their opinions, what they have in mind, etc. Go for constructive suggestions, balance out between compliments and unpleasant remarks.
33. Set a personal dateline – some authors work better under pressure, some don’t. Change your dateline according to your comfort level.
34. Time is a very important factor, regardless you’re within a dateline or not. Always start early, prepare yourself sufficiently and this should minimize any obstacles you may find.
35. Commit yourself to achieving a word count, not writing for a certain amount of time. Aim for your optimum number of words, double it if you feel good. Otherwise, just aim for your minimum.
36. If you have published a few books before, read your readers’ comments. Their comments and suggestions might give you some idea on how to proceed and improve.
37. Start of the end. Instead of writing from start to end, write from end to start. Formulate an ending and figure out how it starts and how it flows. Or you can even start in the middle. Start with a few short stories if you think it will help your readers to understand better. Throw in poems, historical facts, etc.
38. Reward yourself – if you manage to conquer a difficult part of your writer’s block, reward yourself to a good weekend with your friends and family, etc. An unhealthy sinful food you’ve always been craving for. When you’re emotionally contented, things might come in more naturally in the next stages of writing.
39. Talk to yourself. Some might think you’re crazy, but saying it out loud is a brilliant way of bringing clarity and to explore the different options that might come. Speak. Shout. Get a tape recorder, a microphone perhaps? etc. Sometimes ideas travel faster from the brain to the mouth than from the brain to the hand.
40. Question yourself continuously and consistently. Perhaps religiously? You never know what kind of answers you might come up yourself. Instead of plotting what to write next, write down questions instead. Then move on.
41. Handwrite instead of typing it in your computer.
42. Try to distract yourself with meaningless activities like copying a paragraph of your story into Google translate, translate it into another language and change it back to the original. Inspirations might be nonexistent from this method, but at least you can have a good laugh from the results. The “modifications” from the translations could be a reward in disguise – a new writing style perhaps?
43. Typing in phrases into search engines and look at how are these phrases are written. You may discover new building blocks you may keep for later reference.
44. Don’t be afraid to experiment, people tend to learn faster and better when they do mistakes.
45. Work on more than one project at a time. It helps to minimize fear, monotony, and boredom. It seems to prevent writer’s block for many people.
46. Get counseling, many therapists specialize in helping artists and writers reconnect with their creativity.
47. Motivation – Who are you writing this book for? Why are you writing this book? If you can focus on questions like these and enhance them by visualizing them constantly, they should aid you in your writing process. Don’t underestimate the drive that can be derived from motivation and results. Imagine the rewards you’ll gain from consistent visits to the gym. Similarly, you’ll write more and more often, whenever you start noticing that you’re writing much more efficiently. Improvements = results. (Refer to point no 1).
48. Try writing exercises – loosen up the mind and get you to write things you would never write otherwise.
49. Read quotes by famous authors on writer’s block.
50. It’s not the words, but your vision, try to narrow down on the topic. Starting from a Country > Town > Street > Shops > People > Walls > Bricks, etc. Start with the favorite object in the story, use an object as a topic of discussion.
51. Think differently and find connections between seemingly unrelated concepts and items. E.g. Try connecting the dot between a car and a piece of rubber band. This might stimulate some unused sections of your thinking cap, and trigger some brand new ideas.
52. Imagine / put yourself in the shoes of different characters and objects. Think the impossible – try to imagine yourself as a 100 year old tree, being a grizzly bear’s claw sharpener. How would you feel and do? Attack different scenarios from a different standpoint.
53. Ask yourself why and where are you getting stuck? Focus on the issue and do a research on all possible scenarios involving that particular topic that you’re not able to continue. How if, What if, etc.
54. Set your priorities, your main focus.
55. Stop being a perfectionist throughout your writing process.
56. Don’t rewrite until you’re done. Focus on your structure, flow and ideas. Corrections and beautifications can come later. Learn how to prioritize your time between composing and editing.
57. If you can’t find the proper phrase, write down whatever comes into your mind, highlight it / bracket it, and then come back later if you’ve found out the proper phrase to use.
58. Prepare yourself a set of phrases that can be used as your building blocks, e.g. due to the fact that, it is imperative that, etc. You can also utilize different words and sentences.
59. Your goal is not to write the greatest article or poem for how-to guide or epic novel ever created. Your goal is to satisfy yourself.
60. Perform interviews, distribute questionnaire and run surveys.
61. Pretend somebody important to be your fan. Your former English teacher? JK Rowling? Imagine yourself writing for someone else who is interested in your topic of writing. The urge to impress motivates one beautifully.
62. Ensure writing is your passion. There’s nothing wrong writing when you spend your whole life climbing rocks. It’s just easier to accomplish something when passion is the main pillar of support.
63. Don’t feel down or demotivated when you’re going nowhere, it happens even to the best and most experienced writers. The last thing you want to worry is about false impressions that you’re incapable of writing. You are a great writer.
64. Join a writers group. Get together, throw out your notebook or iPad, whichever you’re comfortable with and start writing. The presence of individuals with similar objectives and obstacles could push you forward, unknowingly.
65. Try to think like a chatterbox (or observe one). On how they can present a topic and then move on gracefully to another subject which has no relation whatsoever with the main topic of conversation, should give you some strategies on how you can approach your own story progressions. And it’s not that difficult to find one these days, if you’re not one of them.
66. Make use of the thesaurus. List down a list of words, run them through thesaurus and see what you can find. Their meanings and usage can open a door to brand new ideas and writing styles. Explore the synonyms and antonyms as well.
67. Vary your writing styles & approaches:-
    • Describing people, places & things
    • Narrating events
    • Explaining a process step by step (Instructional)
    • Clarification & Explanation
    • Comparing & Contrasting
    • Classifying & Dividing
    • Examining Causes & Effects
    • Arguing & Persuading
    • Reviews & Predictions
    • Lists
    • Case Studies
    • Problems & Solutions
    • Rantings
    • Inspirational
    • Research
    • Debate
    • Hypothetical
    • Satirical
68. Dig back your old writing materials. Still keeping your old writing assignments? You might get lucky and find some great ideas you’ve kept aside long time ago.
69. Dig into your email account and re-visit the conversations you had with your contacts, the ideas you shared and the things you discussed.
70. If you’re a travel writer, even a small item like a used cigarette butt can generate / trigger new ideas. Keep all the items and capture all information that you’ve encountered during your journey. Take pictures, videos, audio recordings, etc.
71. Read other books (bookshop or any other books you already have). Read online to experience a variety of new storytelling forms. Go with topics outside your discipline, such as architecture, astronomy, economics or photography.
72. Read books that help you to write.
73. Search through free eBook sites:-
    • GetFreeEbooks
    • Gutenberg
    • ManyBooks
    • Feedbooks
    • Smashwords
    • Booktrope
74. Start with a prompt (10 Reasons Why You Should Use Writing Prompts)
    • JC-Schools – Prompt Generator
    • Gkbledsoe – Writing Prompt Generator
    • Seventh Sanctum Writing Challenge Generator
    • Adam Maxwell Writing Prompts Generator
75. Start with a hook sentence.
76. Write using the Snowflake method.
77. Try Asemicwriting.
78. Contribute to a collaborative story. Free your mind and at the same time, test your creativity and absorb a lot of great ideas from the community.
    • Folding Story
    • Novlet
    • Story Mash
    • Protagonize
79. Browse “minimalistic” one sentence / one word story hubs.
    • One Sentence
    • One Word
    • Six Word Stories
80. Join a writing contest or submit your short stories. Just a small one to pull you out of your “routine”. Your new writing task and your sense of accomplishment after submitting your entry, hopefully, will clear off some of the obstacles blocking your ideas to flow.
    • Name Your Tale
    • Espresso Stories
81. Engage an online generator, e.g. Character name generator, poetry generator, random line generator, Title-o-Matic, etc.
    • Seventh Sanctum
82. Use Inspiro– An idea generator / Imagination stimulator (Iphone, Ipad, Ipod Touch App) – $2.99.
83. Browse through newspaper archives online.
    • Wikipedia – List of Online Newspaper Archives
    • Green Free Library Newspaper Archive
84. Studying the lives of other writers can also provide insight into why you’re blocked.
85. Read all the latest news in one place – PopURLs.com
86. Go and catch a movie, incidents happening in the storyline might help. Or if you’re busy, watch online movies (Youtube, Metacafe, Dailymotion, Vimeo & VideoJug).
87. Listen to music lyrics and read movie quotes (IMDB)
88. Search new ideas and information from blogs – Google Blog Search
89. Browse through popular online article directories.
    • EzineArticles
    • GoArticles
    • Articlesbase.com
90. Search and read online news.
91. Search forums related to your topic:-
    • BoardReader
    • BoardTracker
    • Omgili
92. Take advantage of the keyword tools out there. You’ll be amazed what can be derived from just a single word. Use this tool and expand your ideas. – Google Keyword Tool
93. Find questions and answers from the community :-
    • Yahoo! Answers
    • Wiki Answers
    • Answer Bag
94. People say an image is worth a thousand words.
    • Yahoo! Flickr
    • DeviantArt
    • Google Picasa
95. Browse through postcards from your nearest bookstore and absorb the ideas from them.
96. Go to social bookmarking sites and find items based no your topic.
    • Digg
    • Stumbleupon
    • Reddit
97. Searches through social networking sites could provide some interesting results as well.
    • Twitter
    • Facebook (Browse Pages | Foupas or YourOpenBook – Facebook Search Engines), or you can basically search for anything when you’re logged in.
98. Get a proper writing software, or something that you’re comfortable with. Getting rid of small annoyances (lack of certain functionality, no auto save / backup feature, etc.) such as this can free up more room for effective thinking. We would recommend Evernote.
99. Charts, diagrams and Mindmapping.
    • (Mindmapping) – FreeMind
    • (Mindmapping) – MindMeister
    • (Mindmapping) – Xmind
100. Grab some chocolate and surrender to your libido. Some de-stressing should do the trick.
101. Finally, if everything still fails, repeat steps 1 to 100. Happy writing!